“Is money actually moving from one of your own cash or bank accounts to another?”
Quick Navigation • Journal vs Contra Guide
Ask any accountant who has been using Tally for a while, and they will tell you the same thing: when posting an accumulated depreciation entry in Tally or reconciling month-end books, the tricky part is rarely the debit and credit. It is figuring out which voucher the entry belongs in.
Cash deposit? Bank transfer? Depreciation? Prepaid rent? They all touch your accounts in some way, so it is easy to see why people mix them up. Plenty of company books have half their bank entries thrown into Contra simply because the word “bank” was involved.
The good news is that you don’t need to memorise a long list. One question clears up almost all of the confusion: Is money actually moving from one of your own cash or bank accounts to another? If it is, you are looking at a Contra voucher (F4). If nothing is physically moving and you are setting the books right at month-end, that is a Journal voucher (F7).
A contra entry in Tally is simply you moving your own money around. You take cash from the drawer and deposit it in the bank. You pull cash out for petty expenses. You shift funds from one of your business bank accounts to another. No income is earned, and no expense is incurred — the money simply sits in a different internal account.
A journal entry in Tally is completely different. Nothing changes hands. You are recording something that has already happened in accounting terms, such as a fixed asset losing value over time or an expense accumulating that you haven’t paid yet.
| Feature | Contra Voucher (F4) | Journal Voucher (F7) |
|---|---|---|
| Core Purpose | Internal movement of company cash/bank funds | Non-cash accounting adjustments & accruals |
| Accounts Involved | Only Cash-in-Hand and Bank Accounts | Expenses, Assets, Liabilities, Provisions, Income |
| Does Total Cash Change? | No — money moves from one internal pocket to another | No cash or bank movement takes place |
| Typical Examples | Cash deposit, petty cash withdrawal, inter-bank transfer | Accumulated depreciation, prepaid expense amortisation, unpaid salaries, accrued FD interest |
Depreciation is the clearest place to start because it is unmistakably not about cash. You aren’t paying anyone. You are formally recognising that your fixed asset is worth less than it was last year due to wear, tear, and usage.
Since no cash or bank account moves, the accumulated depreciation entry in Tally always goes through a Journal voucher (F7).
Depreciation – Vehicle A/c — Dr 1,20,000 To Accumulated Depreciation – Vehicle A/c — Cr 1,20,000
Here is how Tally handles both sides of this entry:
From Gateway of Tally > Create > Ledger:
1. Name the first ledger Depreciation – Vehicle and place it under Indirect Expenses.
2. Name the second ledger Accumulated Depreciation – Vehicle and place it under Fixed Assets.
Go to Gateway of Tally > Vouchers and press F7 (Journal). Debit Depreciation – Vehicle with 1,20,000, credit Accumulated Depreciation – Vehicle with 1,20,000, and enter a clear narration such as “Depreciation on delivery van for FY 2025-26”. Press Ctrl + A to save.
Depreciation – Vehicle Dr to Vehicle A/c Cr). It is not wrong, but it has one major downside: after three or four years, you will struggle to see what you originally paid for the van without digging through old invoices. Keeping a separate Accumulated Depreciation ledger preserves the historical cost for auditors and tax schedules.Suppose your retail counter collected 75,000 in cash during the week, and on Saturday you deposited it into your corporate bank account. You record this using Contra (F4):
Bank A/c — Dr 75,000 To Cash A/c — Cr 75,000Notice there is no sales entry here. You already recorded those sales when they happened. The deposit is simply the same money changing address — from your cash drawer to your current account.
Now flip it around: you withdraw 25,000 from the bank to top up office petty cash. Still Contra (F4):
Cash A/c — Dr 25,000 To Bank A/c — Cr 25,000Suppose you transfer 2,50,000 from one company bank account (e.g., SBI / Emirates NBD) to another company bank account (e.g., Axis Bank / ADCB) because several vendor cheques are coming up for clearance.
| Scenario | Accounting Entry | Correct Voucher | Why? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transfer Between Your Own Two Bank Accounts (2,50,000) | Receiving Bank A/c Dr 2,50,000To Sending Bank A/c Cr 2,50,000 |
Contra (F4) | Both accounts belong to your business; funds remain internal. |
| Transfer of 2,50,000 to a Supplier | Supplier A/c Dr 2,50,000To Bank A/c Cr 2,50,000 |
Payment (F5) | Money has left your business completely to settle a creditor. |
Same bank, same amount, completely different voucher. That is why “it involves the bank” is never enough to decide.
Prepaid expenses are items you pay for upfront in advance but consume gradually over time — such as annual commercial insurance, office rent paid quarterly/annually, or 12-month software subscriptions.
Let’s take a 12-month software subscription paid upfront for 90,000 (which equals 7,500 per month):
Prepaid Subscription A/c (Current Asset) — Dr 90,000 To Bank A/c — Cr 90,000Software Subscription Expense A/c — Dr 7,500 To Prepaid Subscription A/c — Cr 7,500After Month 1, 82,500 remains sitting on your Balance Sheet as a prepaid asset. After Month 2, it drops to 75,000, and so on, until it is smoothly amortised to zero at the end of the 12-month period.
Accrued income is revenue you have earned during the period but haven’t received in the bank yet. For example, by 31st March your Fixed Deposit has earned 12,400 in interest, but the bank won’t credit it until April. To keep the income in the right financial year, pass a Journal voucher (F7) on 31st March:
Accrued Interest A/c (Current Asset) — Dr 12,400 To Interest Income A/c — Cr 12,400This is accrued income’s opposite twin: you have used a service or incurred staff costs in March, but will pay them in April. Suppose March salaries total 65,000, paid on 5th April:
Salary Expense A/c — Dr 65,000 To Salary Payable A/c (Current Liability) — Cr 65,000Salary Payable A/c — Dr 65,000 To Bank A/c — Cr 65,000Crucial Watch-Out: Do not debit the Salary Expense A/c again in April! You already booked the expense in March. The April Payment entry is solely there to clear the Salary Payable liability.
Every business has a handful of adjustments to pass before closing the monthly books. Every single month-end adjustment voucher in Tally goes through Journal (F7):
Running through this 5-minute checklist at the end of each month saves you from a stressful multi-day cleanup at financial year-end.
Contra is strictly for moving money between your own cash and bank accounts. The moment money goes to a vendor or outside party, it must be recorded in Payment (F5).
Pulling cash from the ATM or bank counter isn’t spending it. Record the withdrawal in Contra (F4) first, then book expenses as petty cash is actually spent.
There is zero cash or bank movement in depreciation. Always use Journal (F7).
If you pay for a 12-month policy or license upfront, only one month’s share belongs in this month’s P&L. Keep the unconsumed balance under Prepaid Assets and release it monthly via F7.
Skipping accrued income or unpaid expenses makes one month look artificially profitable while making the next month look far worse than reality.
Debit the Depreciation account (under Indirect Expenses) and credit the Accumulated Depreciation account (under Fixed Assets). Record it through a Journal voucher (F7).
Journal (F7). There’s no cash or bank movement, so Contra and Payment don’t fit.
It’s used when money moves between your own cash and bank accounts. Deposits, withdrawals, and transfers between your business bank accounts are the usual examples.
Debit Bank, credit Cash, and use Contra (F4).
No. Only transfers between your own accounts count. If money goes to a supplier, an employee, or anyone else outside the business, it’s a Payment (F5).
Each month, debit the relevant expense and credit the Prepaid Expense account for the portion used. Use Journal (F7).
Journal (F7), whether it’s depreciation, prepaid expenses, accrued income, or outstanding expenses.